What does the term "bead rolling" refer to in sheet metal fabrication?

The term "bead rolling" in sheet metal fabrication refers to a process where raised or indented patterns are created on the surface of metal sheets. This technique serves an important purpose in enhancing the strength and stiffness of the metal. By forming these beads, the structural integrity of the metal is significantly improved, as the patterns help distribute stress more evenly across the surface.

When beads are rolled onto the metal, they act as reinforcements that can prevent deformation under loads, making the final product more durable and capable of withstanding various stresses. Additionally, the design of the beads can be tailored for specific applications, enhancing not just structural properties but also aesthetic qualities.

In the context of the other options, cutting metal sheets is a different process focused on size reduction, joining components involves welding or fastening techniques, and painting deals with surface finish rather than structural reinforcement. Hence, bead rolling is specifically intended for improving the physical characteristics of sheet metal, making the correct answer relevant to its definition and application in fabrication.